καλός

καλός, ή, όν, [dialect] Aeol. [full] κάλος (v. infr.), α, ον, [dialect] Boeot. [full] καλϝός Schwyzer 538 (vi B. C.):—

A beautiful, of outward form, freq. of persons,

κάλλιστος ἀνὴρ ὑπὸ Ἴλιον ἦλθεν Il.2.673

: in Hom. usu. in the phrase

κ. τε μέγας τε Il.21.108

, al.; μέγας καὶ κ. Od.9.513;

καλή τε μεγάλη τε 13.289

, 15.418; καλὸς δέμας beautiful of form, 17.307;

κ. ἰδέᾳ Pi.O.10

(11).103;

εἶδος κάλλιστος X.Cyr.1.2.1

;

κ. τὸ σῶμα Id.Mem.2.6.30

;

τὰς ὄψεις Theopomp.Hist.195

; Χορῷ καλή beauteous in the dance, Il. 16.180: c. inf.,

καλλίονες καὶ μείζονες εἰσοράασθαι Od.10.396

; ἐσορᾶν κ. Pi.O.8.19: freq. of parts of the body, fair, shapely, κ. πρόσωπα, ὅμματα, παρήϊα, σφυρά, Il.19.285, 23.66, Od.19.208, Il.4.147;

Χρώς 5.354

, al.; of clothes, εἵματα, φάρεα, Χιτών, Χλαῖνα, πέδιλα, Od.6.111, 24.277, Il.2.43, Od.10.365, 1.96;

πέπλος κάλλιστος ποικίλμασιν ἠδὲ μέγιστος Il.6.294

; of arms and armour, κνημῖδες, ἀσπίς, σάκος, κόρυς, φάσγανα, ἔντεα, 3.331, 11.33, 22.314, 18.612, 15.713, Od.19.18; of buildings, manufactured articles, etc.,

αὐλὴ κ. τε μεγάλη τε 14.7

; κ. δώματα, τεῖχος, πόλιες, 3.387, Il.21.447, 18.491; ἄμαξα, τράπεζα, θρόνος, 24.267, 11.629, Od.1.131; also τέμενος, ἀγρός, Il.12.314, Od.24.206; so after Hom.,

Λύδιον κ. ἔργον Sapph.19

, etc.; ἐέρσα κ. ead.Supp.25.12.

2 in [dialect] Att. added to a name in token of love or admiration, as Ἀρίσημος κ. IG12.921, etc.; ἐν τοῖσι τοίχοις ἔγραφ' Ἀθηναῖοι καλοί" Ar. Ach.144, cf.V.98; Ἀλκιβιάδης ὁ καλός, Σαπφὼ ἡ καλή, Pl.Alc.1.113b, Phdr.235c.

b ἡ Καλή or Καλλίστη, as epith., A.Ag.140 (lyr.), Paus. 1.29.2, CIG4445 ([place name] Beroea).

c Καλοί, οἱ, divinities worshipped in childbirth, IG5(1).1445 (Messene, ii B. C.).

3 τὸ καλόν beauty, Sapph.79, E.IA21 (anap.), etc.; τὰ καλά the proprieties or elegancies of life, Hdt.1.8, 207;

ἁπάντων καλῶν ἄμμορος Pi.O.1.84

;

αἱ τέχναι ἃς πηγάς φασι τῶν κ. εἶναι X.Cyr.7.2.13

.

II with ref. to use, good, of fine quality,

κ. λιμήν Od.6.263

; Βορέῃ ἀνέμῳ . . καλῷ fair, 14.253, 299; κ. ἀργύριον, opp. κίβδηλον, genuine silver, X.Mem.3.1.9; opp. ἀποτετριμμένον, good silver currency, PCair.Zen.21.33 (iii B. C.);

ἐλαῖαι PHib. 1.49.12

(iii B. C.);

γῆ Ev.Luc.8.15

;

κ. οἶνος PFay.133.8

(iv A. D.);

στρατόπεδον κάλλιστον Th.5.60

;

ἀνταπεδώκατε πονηρὰ ἀντὶ καλῶν LXX Ge. 44.4

;

κ. ἐς στρατιάν X.Cyr.3.3.6

;

πρός τι Pl.Hp.Ma.295c

, Grg.474d, etc.: c. inf.,

λόφος κάλλιστος τρέχειν X.An.4.8.26

; ἐν καλῷ [τόπῳ] in a good place, καθίζεσθαι, ὁρμεῖν, Ar.Th.292, X.HG2.1.25; ἐν καλῷ μὲν τοῦ κόλπου καὶ τῶν πόλεων, ἐν κ. δὲ τοῦ τὴν Χώραν βλάπτειν, ib.6.2.9; ἐν καλῷ under favourable circumstances, Th.5.59.60; ἐν κ. (sc. Χρόνῳ) in good time, in season, E.IA1106; ἐν οὐ κ. Id.Or.579; ἐν καλῷ [ἐστι] c. inf., S.El.384 (so καλόν ἐστι c. inf., Id.Ph.1155 (lyr.), Ar.Pax 278, Th.8.2);

ἐς καλόν S.OT78

, Pl.Men.89e, Smp.174e; τί γὰρ ἐμοὶ ζῆν καλόν; what is the good of life to me? Ph.2.594; καλῇ πίστει, = Lat.bona fide, PTeb.418.14 (iii A. D.).

2 of sacrifices, auspicious,

σφάγια A.Th.379

;

οἰωνοί E.Ion1333

;

ἱερά Th.4.92

;

τὸ τέλος κ. τῆς ἐξόδου X.An.5.2.9

;

κ. τὰ ἱερὰ ἦν αὐτῷ Id.Cyr.3.2.3

: c. inf.,

ἰέναι . . κ. ἡμῖν τὰ ἱερὰ ἦν Id.An.2.2.3

: Com., τὰ τῆς πυγῆς κ. (for τοῦ θεοῦ) Ar. Pax868.

III in a moral sense, beautiful, noble, honourable, in Hom. only in neut.,

οὐ καλὸν ἔειπες Od.8.166

, cf. 17.381;

μεῖζον κλέος . . καὶ κάλλιον 18.255

; freq. καλόν [ἐστι] c. inf.,

κ. τοι σὺν ἐμοὶ τὸν κήδειν ὅς κ' ἐμὲ κήδῃ Il.9.615

; οὐ γὰρ ἔμοιγε κ. (sc. ἄρχειν) 21.440;

οὐ κ. ἀτέμβειν οὐδὲ δίκαιον Od.20.294

; so in Trag.,

καλόν μοι τοῦτο ποιούσῃ θανεῖν S.Ant.72

, etc.;

μάθετε καλὸν ποιεῖν LXXIs.1.17

: [comp] Comp.,

οὐ μέν τοι τόδε κάλλιον οὐδὲ ἔοικε Od.7.159

, cf. Il.24.52; after Hom. freq. of actions, etc.,

κάλων κἄσλων Sapph.Supp.2.4

(unless of persons here); κ. ἔργματα noble deeds, Pi.I.4(3).42, cf. S.Fr.839, etc.; ἀναστροφὴ κ. 1 Ep.Pet.2.12: in pl., excellences,

πλῆθος καλῶν Pi.O.13.45

;

πολλῶν καλῶν δεῖ τῷ καλόν τι μωμένῳ S.Fr.938

; τὰ τοῦ παιδὸς κ. X.Smp.8.17.

2 τὸ κ. moral beauty, virtue, honour, opp. τὸ αἰσχρόν, Id.Mem.1.1.16, cf. Pl.Smp.183d, etc.;

ὅττι καλόν, φίλον ἐστί, τὸ δ' οὐ καλὸν οὐ φίλον ἐστίν Thgn.17

, cf. E.Ba.881 (lyr.), Pl. Ly.216c;

οὐ ταὐτὸν ἡγῇ σύ, ὡς ἔοικας, κ. τε καὶ ἀγαθὸν καὶ κακὸν καὶ αἰσχρόν Id.Grg.474d

, cf. Smp.201e; τοὐμὸν κ. E.Supp.300.

3 of persons, in early writers coupled with ἀγαθός, v. καλοκἀγαθός; later

κ. ποιμήν Ev.Jo.10.11

;

κ. στρατιώτης

2 Ep.Tim.

2.3

.

IV in [dialect] Att. and Trag. freq. ironically, fine, specious, γέρας κ. A.Eu.209;

κ. γὰρ οὑμὸς βίοτος ὥστε θαυμάσαι S.El.393

, cf. E.Ba.652;

κ. Χάρις D.9.65

;

κ. ὕβριν ὑβρισμένοι Id.23.121

;

καί σοι . . θωπεῦσαι καλόν S.OC 1003

;

μετ' ὀνομάτων καλῶν Th.5.89

.

B Degrees of [comp] Comp.: [comp] Comp. καλλίων, ον, Il.24.52, Od.10.396, etc.: neut. κάλιον [pron. full] [ᾰ] Alc.134: [comp] Sup. κάλλιστος, η, ον, Il.20.233, etc.; late καλλιώτερος or -ότερος, POxy.1672.6 (i A. D.), Sch.E. Tr.966; also

καλώτερος Hdn.Epim.69

.

C Adv.:—Poets freq. use neut. καλόν as Adv.,

κ. ἀείδειν Il.18.570

, Od.1.155;

καλά Il.6.326

; later τὸ κ. Theoc.3.3, 18, Call.Epigr.53, Herod.1.54.

II regul. Adv. [full] καλῶς ([dialect] Dor. [full] καλώς Sophr.22), well, rightly,

οὐδ' ἔτι κ. οἶκος ἐμὸς διόλωλε Od.2.64

; κ. ζῆν, τεθνηκέναι, etc., S.Aj.479, etc.; κ. φρονεῖν to be in one's right mind, Id.Fr.836;

οὐ κ. ταρβεῖς Id.Tr.457

; κ. ἀγωνιεῖσθαι fairly, on the merits of the case, Lys.13.88; Χρήματα δατῆθθαι κ. Leg.Gort.4.39;

κ. εἰρημένα S.Fr. 576.6

;

κάλλιον λέγεις Pl.Tht.161b

;

κάλλιστ' ἂν εἴποι S.OT1172

: freq. in phrase καλῶς καὶ εὖ, καλῶς τε καὶ εὖ, Pl.Prt.319e, Prm.128b, etc.

2 of good fortune, well, happily, κ. πράσσειν, = εὖ π., A.Pr. 979, S.Ant.271;

κ. καὶ εὖ πράττειν Pl.Chrm.172a

; κ. ἔχειν to be well, A.Th.799, etc.;

κ. ἔχει σοι Ar.Ach.946

, cf. S.El.816; κ. ἔχει c. inf., 'tis well to . . , X.Mem.3.11.1: c. gen., κ. ἔχειν τινός to be well off in respect to a thing, Hp.Superf.29;

κ. παράπλου κεῖσθαι Th.1.36

;

εἰ κ. σφίσιν ἔχοι Id.4.117

;

οὔτε τοῖς θεοῖς ἔφη κ. ἔχειν, εἰ . . X.Mem.1.3.3

;

καλλιόνως ἔχει Pl.Tht.169e

, etc.;

κάλλιστα ἕζει Id.Hp.Ma.295b

.

3 καλῶς, = πάνυ, thoroughly, altogether,

τὸν κ. εὐδαίμονα A.Fr.317

, = S. Fr.934;

κ. ἔξοιδα Id.OC269

, cf. OT1008;

κ. ὑπὸ τοῦ πυρὸς διεφθάρθαι D.S.13.108

: [comp] Comp.,

κάλλιον εἰδέναι Pl.Hp.Ma.300d

; κάλλιον ἐοικέναι to be just like , Hp.Genit.8.

4 κ. ἀκούειν to be well spoken of, Men.Mon.285, Plu.2.177e.

5 κ. ποιῶν rightly, deservedly,

κ. ποιῶν ἀπόλλυται Ar.Pl.863

, cf. D.1.28, al., Aeschin.3.232; in requests, κ. ποιήσεις πριάμενος, etc., PPetr.3p.143 (iii B. C.), etc.; also c. inf.,

κ. π. γράψαι BGU1203.7

(i B. C.), etc.

6 in answers, to approve the words of the former speaker, well said! E.Or.1216, D.39.15; also, to decline an offer courteously, no, thank you! Ar.Ra.888;

κ. ἔχει Antiph.165

, Men.Pk.266; πάνυ κ. Ar.Ra.512; ἀμέλει κ. ib.532: [comp] Sup., κάλλιστ', ἐπαινῶ ib.508;

ἔχει κάλλιστα Theoc.15.3

.

7 ironically, finely,

καλῶς ἐρήμης γ' ἂν σὺ γῆς ἄρχοις μόνος S.Ant.739

, cf. E.Med.588, Ar.Eq.344, Din.1.69.

8 κ. ὁ ἱερεύς hurrah for the priest! SIG1109.14 (Athens, ii A. D.).

9 repeated with the Adj.,

καλὴ καλῶς Ar.Ach.253

, Pax1330, Ec.730;

καλὸς κάλλιστά τε ῥέξαις Pi.O.9.94

.

10 [comp] Comp.

καλλιόνως Pl.Tht.

l.c., Lg.660d: [comp] Sup.

καλλίστως PMag.Par.1.2443

,2465, Sch.E.Hec.310.

D for compds., v. καλλι-, καλο-.

E Quantity: [pron. full] ᾱ in [dialect] Ep. and early Iamb. Poets (exc. h.Ven.29, Hes.Op.63, Th.585): [pron. full] ᾰ in Lyr. (exc.

κᾱλῶς B.12.206

) and Trag. (A. Fr.314, S.Ph.1381 are corrupt).--In Eleg., Epigr., and Bucol. Poets [pron. full] ᾰ or [pron. full] ᾱ (the latter usu. in thesi);

τὰ μὴ κᾰλὰ κᾱλὰ πέφανται Theoc.6.19

, cf. Herod.7.115, Call.Jov.55.--In [comp] Comp., [pron. full] ῐ in Hom., [pron. full] ῑ in Trag. and later.